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Xue Zhang ¹, Diandian Li ¹, Hao Wang ¹, Yanqiu Wu ¹, Fuqiang Wen ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, CN

Abstract

Apoptosis and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released during cell apoptosis and cause inflammation. Cytochrome c (CYC) is an important mitochondrial DAMP and participates in the process of apoptosis, but the relationship between circulating CYC levels and COPD remains unclear. 54 COPD patients and 36 healthy controls were included in the present study. Basic characteristics along with plasma CYC and systemic inflammatory factors were collected and analysed in all subjects. In addition, the COPD patients were required to complete the COPD assessment test (CAT). CYC was detected in 40.74% of COPD patients but was undetectable in 30 (83.3%) of 36 healthy individuals. The levels of CYC were higher in COPD compared with controls, and associated inversely with FEV1% predicted (r = -0.321, P = 0.018) and FEV₁/FVC (r = -0.353, P = 0.009). A positive correlation was found between levels of CYC and CAT score (r = 0.463, P = 0.000). However, no correlations were found between CYC levels and inflammatory biomarkers, pack-years or body mass index (BMI). Our study showed that plasma levels of CYC were elevated in COPD patients and correlated with lung function and CAT score, suggesting that CYC may play a role in COPD.

Keywords

Apoptosis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Cytochrome c, Inflammation, Lung Function.

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Hao Wang ¹, Yang Yang ¹, Xiao Liu ¹, Huiyuan Zhong ¹, Guozhu Bo ¹, Yaozong Zhang ²

Affiliations
1 College of Civil and Architecture Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063009, CN
2 Tangshan City Drainage Co., Ltd., Tangshan, 063001, CN

Abstract

In this research, the electrochemical oxidation with a three-dimensional electrode system, with coke serving as packed bed particle electrodes, was applied for the removal of ammonia nitrogen in biologically pretreated coking wastewater. Surface characteristics of the anode plate and the coke were analysed. The results showed that there had been few cracks on the coating surface of anode and the coating layer had been compact before electrolysis, while the coating surface became relatively rough after electrolysis and small cracks appeared on anode surface. Meanwhile, the surface of prepared coke was porous at the beginning, which enabled it to have adsorption effect, while after electrolysis, the surface of the used coke became dense, which made it function better as packed bed electrodes. In addition, operating variables of retention time, plate spacing, area/volume, current density, pH and chloride concentration were investigated respectively to check their influence on ammonia nitrogen removal. Meanwhile, the results showed that the electrochemical three-dimensional Ti/RuO₂/IrO₂ electrodes could remove ammonia nitrogen efficiently, and when plate distance was 1.0cm, retention time was 40min and current density was 4.5mA/cm², the highest ammonia nitrogen removal rate of about 95% was achieved, which was much higher than the removal rate of the system when Ti/RuO₂/IrO₂ electrodes were used in single under the same condition.

Keywords

Coking Wastewater, Ti/RuO₂/IrO₂ Electrodes, Ammonia Nitrogen, Electrochemical Oxidation.

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Xiao Liu ¹, Hao Wang ¹, Huiyuan Zhong ¹, Yanhua Chen ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063009, P. R., CN

Abstract

Slag ceramics, which were made from steel slag as well as a small percentage of clay and pore forming materials, were applied to a biological contact oxidation reactor for the treatment of microaerobic effluent. The experiment results showed that slag ceramics exhibited some favourable characteristics for removing pollution, such as lighter mass, larger specific surface area and easier biofilm-attachment compared with steel slag. In addition, a contact oxidation process filled with slag ceramics was multifunctional in pollutant removal, namely, COD, nitrogen and phosphorus were simultaneously removed. Under the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.5 h, the removal efficiencies of NH₃-N, TN, COD and TP were 99%, 84%, 63% and 82%, respectively, and the effluent concentrations ranged in 12˜27 mg/L, 0.1˜1.0 mg/L, 0~0.6 mg/L and 1.0˜6.8 mg/L, respectively. Mineralogical and chemical investigations revealed that the mechanisms for P removal by slag-ceramics filler, were the combination of adsorption and Ca phosphate precipitation. Therefore, the mechanisms of pollutant removal through the contact oxidation reactor filled with slag ceramics were complicated, including adsorption, precipitation, bio-oxidation and bio-reduction, etc. Meanwhile, phosphate saturation should be considered for the long-term operation.

Keywords

Steel Slag Ceramics, Boifilm, Contact Oxidation, Nitrogen, Phosphorus.

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Hao Wang ¹, Can Tian ¹, Huiyuan Zhong ¹, Xiaoqing An ¹, Bingxu Quan ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063009, CN

Abstract

In this study, the kinetic models of pollutant degradation in different wetlands were studied. The kinetic equations were deduced and the kinetic simulation of the main pollutants such as NH₃-N and TN was completed by the experimental data, and the dynamics of the pollutant degradation simulation model were applied to simulate the effect of the reaction kinetics model on the removal of contaminants in horizontal steel slag subsurface wetland (HSSSW) and horizontal volcanic subsurface wetland (HVSW). The results showed that the first order reaction kinetics model could obviously simulate the effect of main pollutants such as NH₃-N and TN in two kinds of subsurface wetlands. The correlation coefficient R² of the dynamic linear model was 0.9640 and 0.9600 in HSSSW, respectively, and the correlation coefficient R² of the HVSW was 0.9365 and 0.9709, respectively. The degree of fitting and correlation was very good. Besides, the simulation results showed that the degradation of the main pollutant was of great reference value for the design and operation of the practical subsurface wetland.

Keywords

Constructed Wetland, Nitrogen Degradation, Kinetic Models.

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Hao Wang ¹, Bingxu Quan ¹, Huiyuan Zhong ¹, Shan Yan ¹, Meiyuan Yang ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063009, CN

Abstract

In this research, electrochemical system was adapted to decompose lightly polluted wastewater (LPW). The major pollutants of LPW were removed and its removal effects were investigated. Meanwhile, courses of the electrochemical reaction for nitrogen and phosphorus were discussed. Experiments results exhibited that the best removal rates of NH₃-N and TN respectively were 100% and 90.9% after dosing NaCl. In addition, under the condition of different electrolysis time, removal of pollution was better than without NaCl, namely, the pollution was removed rapidly through electrolysis when other experimental conditions remained invariable. Meanwhile, the optimal operation condition could be confirmed while the current density was 7.4mA/cm², the cell voltage was 6 V, electrolysis time was 30 min, the plate distance was 1cm and the ratios of concentration of NH₄⁺ and Cl^- were 1:3, respectively. Besides, the removal effects for nitrogenous compounds as the change of the chloride concentration were investigated, too. And the results exhibited that higher the chloride concentration in the wastewater was, the higher the removal rate for nitrogenous compounds was. The removal rates of nitrogenous compounds increased with the increasing of cell voltage. Therefore, the influence of every factor could be obtained through considering the power consumption of per ton wastewater treatment.

Keywords

Electrochemical Method, Electrolysis Time, NaCl Dosing, Nitrogenous Matter.

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Hao Wang ¹, Dongmei Zhao ², Huiyuan Zhong ¹, Xuejin Li ³

Affiliations
1 College of Civil and Architecture Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, CN
2 Finance Department, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063009, CN
3 Department of Foreign Languages, Tangshan College, Tangshan, CN

Abstract

In this research, nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption characteristics of four substrates, including lava, activated carbon, furnace slag and spongy iron, were studied through basic experiments. Meanwhile, adsorption kinetics, effects of different pH on adsorption performance, sequencing batch adsorption isotherm experiments and saturation analysis of substrates experiments were analysed. Moreover, the possible secondary pollution risks after four substrates saturation adsorption were discussed. The results showed that Freundich and Langmuir models were favourably fit for the variance on nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption characteristics of substrates. The order of ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacity for four substrates was activated carbon>furnace slag>lava>spongy iron. In addition, judging from ammonia nitrogen desorption rates, the capacity of releasing ammonia nitrogen for four substrates increased as an order of spongy iron>lava>furnace slag>activated carbon. Besides, the order of phosphorus adsorption capacity for four substrates was activated carbon>spongy iron>furnace slag>lava. And the capacity of releasing phosphorus after phosphorus desorption for four substrates increased as an order of lava>spongy iron>furnace slag>activated carbon. In summary, after adsorption and desorption properties of four substrates were analysed, it could be concluded that activated carbon was a more favourable filler for constructed wetlands.

Keywords

Constructed Wetland, Substrate, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Adsorption, Desorption.

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Rui Cao ¹, Hao Wang ²

Affiliations
1 Collage of History and Ethnic Culture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, CN
2 Collage of Economics and Management, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, CN

Abstract

In order to further analyse the hazards of environmental pollution caused by municipal solid waste pollution in China, and put forward the legal countermeasures of preventing and controlling solid pollution, this paper reviews the specific causes of urban solid waste pollution in China, and analyses the harm of four aspects, such as air, water, soil and landscape, caused by the pollution of municipal solid waste. The results show that the main causes of municipal solid waste pollution are, a large population, imperfect laws and regulation system, single disposal of solid wastes and poor public understanding of recycling of solid wastes. Municipal solid waste, mainly pollutes the atmospheric environment, water environment, soil environment and surface landscape. Specific legal countermeasures are proposed based on four aspects: strengthening industrial solid waste control and formulating specific control measures, perfecting the legal system for municipal solid waste control and encouraging classification recycling of garbage, enhancing the construction of a legal liability system for medical wastes and perfecting regulations for the management of electric and electronic wastes, strengthening government supervision and administrative enforcement of solid wastes. The conclusions can provide positive references to strengthen municipal solid waste disposal, relieve municipal solid waste pollution, explore control laws, and achieve an urban ecological balance.

Keywords

Municipal Solid Wastes, Pollution Hazard, Control Laws.

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Hao Wang ¹, Huiyuan Zhong ¹, Lin Liu ¹, Bingxu Quan ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063009, CN

Abstract

In this research, electrocoagulation technology was used to treat high fluorine content geothermal water. The fluoride removal performance and operating costs have also been discussed. The results showed that electrocoagulation was an ideal technology to remove fluoride ions from geothermal water, and did not need to change the pH value and temperature of raw water. During the static experiments, for electrolysis time of 15 min, plates spacing of 0.5 cm, area of plates/volume of wastewater of 80 m²/m³, current density of 4.5 mA/cm² and no adjusted pH, the highest removal efficiency of fluorine from geothermal water was achieved. Under these operating conditions, the fluoride concentration of effluent water was 0.8 mg/L or so, which fully met the drinking water health standard (0.5 mg/L < F- < 1.0 mg/L). Meanwhile, the energy consumption was evaluated under various operating conditions. And it would be affected by some different parameters. Besides, dynamic experiments were carried out when optimum parameters were selected after static experiments. When the current density of 10 A/m², the system effluent fluoride concentration was about 1.4 mg/L, and the process did not meet the requirements, so current densities were adjusted to 12.5 A/m² and 15 A/m², while the effluent fluoride concentration was about 1.2 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L, respectively.

Keywords

Defluoridation, Fluorine, Electroflocculation, Geothermal Water.

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Hao Wang ¹, Huiyuan Zhong ¹, Yang Tian ², Jiansong Zhang ¹, Huan Lu ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Civil and Architecture Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, CN
2 Drainage Engineering Technology Research Center of Tangshan City, Tangshan, CN

Abstract

Two different constructed wetlands were applied to remove organic matter of micro-polluted wastewater from a wastewater treatment plant. In this research, organic matter removal showed a favourable effect in two constructed wetlands. Moreover, the aeration device added to the wetlands’ bottom could obviously increase the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in micro-polluted wastewater under this operational condition. In addition, the optimal operational condition for COD removal was evaluated by three dimensional (2D and 3D) contour plots while the bottom aeration device was added. The results showed that in horizontal zeolite subsurface constructed wetland (HZSW), the optimal removal rates of COD, which could reach above 95.56%, were obtained when the average daily aeration time was about 17~21h and hydraulic loadings were 0.16~0.24m³/(m²·d). In contrast, in horizontal limestone subsurface constructed wetland (HLSW), the optimal removal rates of COD, namely, 93.54~94.95%, could be obtained when the average daily aeration time was more than 16h and hydraulic loadings were about 0.13~0.32m³/(m²·d). In summary, the removal effects of COD increased obviously after the bottom aeration device was added in the two constructed wetlands.

Keywords

Constructed Wetland, Bottom Aeration, Organic Matter Decomposition, Hydraulic Loading.

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